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词根:therm

关键点:核心义是“强/支撑/加固”。把 fortis 想成一股“承重力”:能把结构顶住(fort/fortress),也能把力量推出去(effort),还能把人心扶稳(comfort)。希腊 therme = heat(热)。把它想成“力场/要塞”:一方面是 strong,一方面是把东西“加固/支撑起来”。therm- 表“热、温度”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/thermometer)

目录

A. 意象化理解

  • 从“温度”到“温度计(thermometer)、地热(geothermal)、保温(thermos)。thermal = 热的;thermodynamics = 热力学。

  • (技术语境):把系统当作“城防工程”:fortify=加固边界;effort=把力打出去;comfort=给用户“稳住”的支撑。

  • 三条路径:fort/fortress(防御)→ effort(出力)→ comfort/fortitude(扶稳/坚韧)。

B. 词汇表

  • thermometer [B1](温度计):thermo-(heat)+ meter(measure)。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/thermometer)

    • 例句:The thermometer in the rack reads 35°C.
  • thermal [B2](热的):therm- + -al。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/thermal)

    • 例句:Thermal throttling kicked in under load.
  • thermos [B2](保温瓶):therm- + -os(商标名,表“热”的保持)。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/thermos)

    • 例句:She brought coffee in a thermos to the site.
  • thermally [B2](派生词)

    • 拆解:thermal + -ly(副词后缀)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地
    • 例句:Handle errors thermally.
  • thermostat [B2](恒温器)

    • 拆解:therm-(heat)+ stat(stand)→ 让热“站住”(恒定)
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):恒温器。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/thermostat)
    • 例句:Set the thermostat to 22°C.
  • hypothermia [B2](体温过低)

    • 拆解:hypo-(under)+ therm-(heat)+ -ia → 在热之下
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):体温过低。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/hypothermia)
    • 例句:Hypothermia can set in quickly.
  • geothermally [B2](派生词)

    • 拆解:geothermal + -ly(副词后缀)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地
    • 例句:Handle errors geothermally.
  • isothermally [B2](派生词)

    • 拆解:isothermal + -ly(副词后缀)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地
    • 例句:Handle errors isothermally.
  • exothermic [C1](放热的)

  • geothermal [C1](地热的):geo-(earth)+ therm- + -al。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/geothermal)

    • 例句:The region uses geothermal energy for heating.
  • isothermal [C1](等温的)

    • 拆解:iso-(equal)+ thermal(热的)→ 热量/温度相等的
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):在过程中“温度保持相同/不变”的 → 等温的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/isothermal)
    • 例句:An isothermal process keeps the temperature constant.
  • thermistor [C1](热敏电阻)

    • 拆解:therm-(heat)+ (res)istor(电阻)→ 对温度敏感的电阻
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):电阻值随温度变化的器件 → 热敏电阻。(Merriam-Webster: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thermistor)
    • 例句:The thermistor reports temperature for fan control.
  • endothermic [C1](吸热的)

    • 拆解:endo-(within)+ therm-(heat)+ -ic → 热向内(吸收)
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):吸热的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/endothermic)
    • 例句:The process is endothermic.
  • hyperthermia [C1](体温过高)

    • 拆解:hyper-(over)+ therm-(heat)+ -ia → 在热之上
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):体温过高/过热。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/hyperthermia)
    • 例句:Hyperthermia is a risk in summer.
  • thermocouple [C1](热电偶)

    • 拆解:thermo-(heat)+ couple(一对/耦合)→ 与温度耦合的一对导体
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):利用两种金属在温差下产生电势来测温的装置 → 热电偶。(Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocouple)
    • 例句:A thermocouple is often used for high-temperature measurements.
  • thermography [C1](热成像;热描记法)

    • 拆解:thermo-(heat)+ -graphy(记录/描写)→ 以“热”为记录对象
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):对温度分布进行记录/成像 → 热成像;也指“热显影/热描记”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/thermography)
    • 例句:Thermography can reveal hotspots on the circuit.
  • thermodynamic [C1](热力学的)

    • 拆解:thermo-(heat)+ dynamic(动力/力的)→ 与“热所导致的动力学”相关
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):与热力学过程/规律相关的 → 热力学的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/thermodynamic)
    • 例句:We used a thermodynamic model to estimate heat loss.
  • exothermically [C1](派生词):

    • 拆解:exothermic + -ally(副词后缀,-ic → -ically)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):在…方面/以…方式 → …地
    • 例句:We analyze the issue exothermically.
  • thermodynamics [C1](热力学):thermo- + dynamics。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/thermodynamics)

    • 例句:Thermodynamics explains heat transfer in the system.
  • endothermically [C1](派生词):

    • 拆解:endothermic + -ally(副词后缀,-ic → -ically)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):在…方面/以…方式 → …地
    • 例句:We analyze the issue endothermically.
  • thermodynamically [C1](派生词):

    • 拆解:thermodynamic + -ally(副词后缀,-ic → -ically)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):在…方面/以…方式 → …地
    • 例句:We analyze the issue thermodynamically.

C. 关联词根词缀

关联词根(非本文主讲)

(本词表暂无可登记的其他词根/词干)

组合词素(Combining forms,建议可单列)

  • geo-:在 B 词汇表中出现
  • thermo-:在 B 词汇表中出现

词缀(Affixes,不单列,仅登记)

  • -al:thermal / thermally / geothermally / isothermally / geothermal
  • -ally:thermally / geothermally / isothermally / exothermically / endothermically
  • -graphy:thermography
  • -ia:hypothermia / hyperthermia
  • -ic:exothermic / endothermic / thermodynamic / exothermically / thermodynamics
  • -ly:thermally / geothermally / isothermally / exothermically / endothermically
  • -os:thermos / thermostat
  • endo-:endothermic / endothermically
  • exo-:exothermic / exothermically
  • hyper-:hyperthermia
  • hypo-:hypothermia
  • iso-:isothermally / isothermal

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