词根学习:sent / sens
关键点:核心义是“强/支撑/加固”。把 fortis 想成一股“承重力”:能把结构顶住(fort/fortress),也能把力量推出去(effort),还能把人心扶稳(comfort)。拉丁 sentire = feel(感觉)。把它想成“力场/要塞”:一方面是 strong,一方面是把东西“加固/支撑起来”。sent- 与 sens- 为词干变体(sens- 为过去分词词干),表“感觉、知觉”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/sense)
目录
A. 意象化理解
感觉 从“身体感知”到“意义(sense)、意见(consent = 一起感觉)、敏感(sensitive)”。sense = 感觉、意义;consent = 一起感觉(同意)→ 同意;sentence = 感觉/判断(的表达)→ 句子、判决。
sensitive = 易感的 → 敏感的;nonsense = 无感觉(无意义)→ 胡说。
(技术语境):把系统当作“城防工程”:fortify=加固边界;effort=把力打出去;comfort=给用户“稳住”的支撑。
三条路径:fort/fortress(防御)→ effort(出力)→ comfort/fortitude(扶稳/坚韧)。
B. 词汇表
sense [B1](感觉;意义;理智)
- 拆解:sens-(feel)→ 感觉
- 释义:感觉;引申为“被感觉到的意思” → 意义;或“健全的感觉” → 理智。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/sense)
- 例句:The change makes sense from a UX perspective.
nonsense [B1](胡说)
- 拆解:non-(not)+ sense(feel/meaning)→ 无感觉/无意义
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):没有可感意义 → 胡说。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/nonsense)
- 例句:That requirement is nonsense.
resent [B2](怨恨)
- 拆解:re-(again, 强调)+ sent-(feel)→ 反复/强烈地感觉(不满)
- 释义:对…有(负面)感觉 → 怨恨。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/resent)
- 例句:Some users may resent the new fee.
sensor [B2](传感器)
- 拆解:sens-(feel)+ -or(名词)→ 感知器
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):用来“感觉/探测”的装置 → 传感器。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/sensor)
- 例句:The sensor reports temperature every 10 seconds.
consent [B2](同意)
- 拆解:con-(together)+ sent-(feel)→ 一起感觉(同感)
- 释义:与…同感 → 同意。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/consent)
- 例句:Obtain user consent before tracking.
sensible [B2](明智的;合理的)
- 拆解:sens-(feel)+ -ible(可…的)→ 能感知/能理解的
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):能“感觉到/理解到”的 → 合理的;进一步引申为“判断有分寸” → 明智的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/sensible)
- 例句:A sensible default reduces user errors.
sentence [B2](句子;判决)
- 拆解:sent-(feel, 引申为“判断”)+ -ence → 表达感觉/判断的(一串词)
- 释义:表达完整意思的一串词 → 句子;法律上“判断(的结果)” → 判决。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/sentence)
- 例句:The sentence was unclear; we rephrased it.
consensus [B2](共识)
- 拆解:con-(together)+ sens-(feel)+ -us → 一起感觉(的结果)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):大家共同感到(一致) → 共识。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/consensus)
- 例句:We reached consensus on the API design.
sensation [B2](感觉;轰动)
- 拆解:sens-(feel)+ -ation(名词)→ 被感觉到的东西
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):感觉(到的经验) → 感觉;引申为“引起强烈感觉的事” → 轰动。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/sensation)
- 例句:The new feature caused a sensation on social media.
sensitive [B2](敏感的;敏感的(数据))
- 拆解:sens-(feel)+ -itive(形容词)→ 易感的
- 释义:容易感觉到的 → 敏感的;引申为“需保护的(数据)”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/sensitive)
- 例句:Do not log sensitive data.
sentiment [B2](情绪;意见)
- 拆解:sent-(feel)+ -iment → 感受、情绪
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):感受、情绪;意见。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/sentiment)
- 例句:Sentiment analysis runs on the feed.
insensitive [B2](不敏感的)
- 拆解:in-(not)+ sensitive(sens, feel)→ 不敏感
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):不敏感的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/insensitive)
- 例句:The default is case-insensitive.
nonsensically [B2](派生词)
- 拆解:nonsensical + -ly(副词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地。
- 例句:Handle errors nonsensically.
sentimentally [B2](派生词)
- 拆解:sentimental + -ly(副词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地。
- 例句:Handle errors sentimentally.
assent [C1](同意;赞同)
- 拆解:as-(= ad-, to)+ sent-(feel/think)→ 朝向同感(赞同)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把感觉/判断“朝向同一边” → 同意;赞同。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/assent)
- 例句:We can’t proceed without stakeholder assent.
dissent [C1](不同意;异议)
- 拆解:dis-(apart/differently)+ sent-(feel/think)→ 感觉/判断不同
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):感觉/意见分开 → 不同意;提出异议。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/dissent)
- 例句:One engineer dissented from the design decision.
sensory [C1](感官的)
- 拆解:sens-(feel)+ -ory(…的)→ 与感觉相关的
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):感官/感觉相关的 → 感官的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/sensory)
- 例句:Sensory feedback improves the haptic experience.
resentful [C1](怨恨的;愤愤不平的)
- 拆解:resent(怨恨)+ -ful(充满…的)→ 充满怨恨的
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):充满“怨恨/不满”的状态 → 怨恨的;愤愤不平的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/resentful)
- 例句:Users may become resentful if prices rise without value.
senseless [C1](无意义的;不明智的)
- 拆解:sense(meaning/judgment)+ -less(without)→ 没有意义/理智
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):没有可感的意义/判断 → 无意义的;不明智的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/senseless)
- 例句:It’s senseless to optimize before measuring.
sensitize [C1](使敏感;使意识到)
- 拆解:sens-(feel)+ -ize(动词化)→ 让…变得更“能感觉”
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):使对刺激更容易产生感觉/反应 → 使敏感;引申为“让人意识到某议题”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/sensitize)
- 例句:Training can sensitize reviewers to bias.
resentment [C1](怨恨;不满)
- 拆解:resent(怨恨)+ -ment(名词后缀)→ 怨恨的状态
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):怨恨、不满的情绪状态。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/resentment)
- 例句:Hidden resentment can distort team communication.
nonsensical [C1](荒谬的;无意义的)
- 拆解:nonsense(无意义)+ -ical(…的)→ 像“胡说”一样的
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):具有“无意义/荒谬”性质的 → 荒谬的;无意义的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/nonsensical)
- 例句:That interpretation is nonsensical.
sensitively [C1](派生词):
- 拆解:sensitive + -ly(副词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地。
- 例句:The system behaves sensitively under load.
sensitivity [C1](敏感性;敏锐度)
- 拆解:sensitive(敏感的)+ -ity(…性)→ 敏感这一特性
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):敏感的状态/程度 → 敏感性;(设备/指标)敏锐度。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/sensitivity)
- 例句:We tuned the sensor’s sensitivity to reduce false alarms.
sentimental [C1](多愁善感的;情感化的)
- 拆解:sent-(feel)+ -iment(名词)+ -al(形容词)→ 充满情绪色彩的
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以“情绪/感受”为主导的 → 多愁善感的;情感化的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/sentimental)
- 例句:The story is effective without becoming sentimental.
presentiment [C1](预感)
- 拆解:pre-(before)+ sent-(feel)+ -iment → 事先感觉
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):事先感觉(到) → 预感。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/presentiment)
- 例句:She had a presentiment of failure.
insensitively [C1](派生词):
- 拆解:insensitive + -ly(副词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地。
- 例句:The system behaves insensitively under load.
sentient [C2](有感知能力的;有意识的)
- 拆解:sent-(feel)+ -ient(…的)→ 能感觉的
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):具备感知能力的 → 有感知能力的;语境中常指“有意识的”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/sentient)
- 例句:We still debate what counts as sentient life.
sentience [C2](感知能力;知觉)
- 拆解:sentient(能感觉的)+ -ence(名词)→ 感知能力
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):能够感觉/知觉的能力 → 感知能力;知觉。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/sentience)
- 例句:Sentience is discussed in ethics and AI safety.
sensibility [C2](敏感性;感受力;(审美/道德)感受)
- 拆解:sens-(feel)+ -ibility(…性)→ 感受/敏感的能力
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):能感觉到细微差别的能力 → 敏感性;感受力;引申为审美/道德的感受。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/sensibility)
- 例句:Good UX needs both metrics and human sensibility.
sensitizeation [C2](派生词):
- 拆解:sensitize + -ation(名词后缀:过程/结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):使…化/…化的过程 → …化/…过程。
- 例句:The sensitizeation took two iterations.
C. 关联词根词缀
关联词根(非本文主讲)
(本词表暂无可登记的其他词根/词干)
组合词素(Combining forms,建议可单列)
(本词表暂无可登记的组合词素)
词缀(Affixes,不单列,仅登记)
- -al:nonsensically / sentimentally / nonsensical / sentimental
- -ation:sensation / sensitizeation
- -ence:sentence / sentience
- -ful:resentful
- -ibility:sensibility
- -ible:sensible
- -ical:nonsensically / nonsensical
- -ient:sentient
- -iment:sentiment / sentimentally / sentimental / presentiment
- -itive:sensitive / insensitive / sensitively / insensitively
- -ity:sensitivity / sensibility
- -ize:sensitize / sensitizeation
- -less:senseless
- -ly:nonsensically / sentimentally / sensitively / insensitively
- -ment:sentiment / sentimentally / resentment / sentimental / presentiment
- -or:sensor / sensory
- -ory:sensory
- -us:consensus
- as-:assent
- con-:consent / consensus
- dis-:dissent
- in-:insensitive / insensitively
- non-:nonsense / nonsensically / nonsensical
- pre-:presentiment
- re-:resent / resentful / resentment / presentiment