词根:psych
关键点:核心义是“强/支撑/加固”。把 fortis 想成一股“承重力”:能把结构顶住(fort/fortress),也能把力量推出去(effort),还能把人心扶稳(comfort)。希腊 psyche = mind / soul(心;灵魂)。把它想成“力场/要塞”:一方面是 strong,一方面是把东西“加固/支撑起来”。psych- 表“心理、精神”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychology)
目录
A. 意象化理解
心/灵魂 从“心灵”到“心理学(psychology)、精神病(psychosis)、心理的(psychological)”。psychology = 心灵的学问;psychiatrist = 心理/精神(医生)→ 精神科医生。
(技术语境):把系统当作“城防工程”:fortify=加固边界;effort=把力打出去;comfort=给用户“稳住”的支撑。
三条路径:fort/fortress(防御)→ effort(出力)→ comfort/fortitude(扶稳/坚韧)。
B. 词汇表
psychic [B2](心灵的;灵媒):psych- + -ic。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychic)
- 例句:There is a psychic cost to constant context-switching.
psychosis [B2](精神病):psych- + -osis(condition)。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychosis)
- 例句:The condition can lead to psychosis in rare cases.
psychiatry [B2](精神病学;精神科)
- 拆解:psych-(mind/soul)+ iatr-(heal/doctor)+ -y(名词词尾:学科/领域)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):关于“心/精神”的医疗学科。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychiatry)
- 例句:She decided to specialize in psychiatry.
psychology [B2](心理学):psych-(mind)+ -ology(study)。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychology)
- 例句:User psychology affects how we design the flow.
psychiatrist [B2](精神科医生):psych- + iatr-(heal)+ -ist。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychiatrist)
- 例句:She works as a psychiatrist at the hospital.
psychologist [B2](心理学家;心理学从业者)
- 拆解:psychology + -ist(…的人/从事者)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):从事心理学研究/实践的人。
- 例句:A psychologist helped evaluate the survey.
psychological [B2](心理的;心理学的)
- 拆解:psychology + -ical(形容词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):与心理学相关的;与心理过程相关的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychological)
- 例句:There is a psychological barrier to change.
psychotherapy [B2](心理治疗):psych- + therapy。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychotherapy)
- 例句:He is in psychotherapy to manage stress.
psychologically [B2](派生词)
- 拆解:psychological + -ly(副词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地。
- 例句:Handle errors psychologically.
psychotic [C1](精神病性的;精神失常的)
- 拆解:psychosis + -tic / -ic(形容词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):与精神病/精神失常相关的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychotic)
- 例句:Psychotic symptoms require professional care.
psychopath [C1](精神变态者)
- 拆解:psych-(mind)+ path-(feeling/disease)→ 心理病态
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):心理病态(者)。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychopath)
- 例句:The villain is a psychopath.
psychedelic [C1](致幻的)
- 拆解:psych-(mind)+ del-(manifest)+ -ic → 心灵显现的
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):致幻的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychedelic)
- 例句:The design was psychedelic.
psychiatric [C1](精神病学的;精神科的)
- 拆解:psychiatry + -ic(形容词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):与精神病学/精神科相关的。
- 例句:The patient received psychiatric care.
psychically [C1](派生词):
- 拆解:psychic + -ally(副词后缀,-ic → -ically)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):在…方面/以…方式 → …地。
- 例句:We analyze the issue psychically.
psychometric [C1](心理测量的)
- 拆解:psych-(mind)+ metr-(measure)+ -ic → 心理测量
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):心理测量的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychometric)
- 例句:We use psychometric tests in hiring.
psychosomatic [C1](心身的)
- 拆解:psych-(mind)+ somat-(body)+ -ic → 心理 + 身体
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):心身的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychosomatic)
- 例句:Stress can cause psychosomatic symptoms.
psychoanalysis [C1](精神分析)
- 拆解:psycho-(mind)+ analysis(解析/分析)→ 对“心理”的分析。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychoanalysis)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以无意识、冲突等为核心的理论与治疗方法。
- 例句:Psychoanalysis has influenced modern therapy.
psychoanalytic [C1](精神分析的)
- 拆解:psychoanalysis + -ic(形容词后缀)。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychoanalytic)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):与精神分析相关的。
- 例句:He wrote a psychoanalytic interpretation of the story.
psychiatrically [C1](派生词):
- 拆解:psychiatric + -ally(副词后缀,-ic → -ically)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):在…方面/以…方式 → …地。
- 例句:We analyze the issue psychiatrically.
psychotherapist [C1](心理治疗师;心理咨询师)
- 拆解:psychotherapy + -ist(…的人/从事者)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):从事心理治疗的人。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychotherapist)
- 例句:A psychotherapist can provide structured support.
psychosomatically [C1](派生词):
- 拆解:psychosomatic + -ally(副词后缀,-ic → -ically)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):在…方面/以…方式 → …地。
- 例句:We analyze the issue psychosomatically.
psychoanalytically [C1](派生词):
- 拆解:psychoanalytic + -ally(副词后缀,-ic → -ically)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):在…方面/以…方式 → …地。
- 例句:We analyze the issue psychoanalytically.
C. 关联词根词缀
关联词根(非本文主讲)
(本词表暂无可登记的其他词根/词干)
组合词素(Combining forms,建议可单列)
(本词表暂无可登记的组合词素)
词缀(Affixes,不单列,仅登记)
- -ally:psychologically / psychically / psychiatrically / psychosomatically / psychoanalytically
- -ic:psychic / psychological / psychologically / psychotic / psychedelic
- -ical:psychological / psychologically / psychically / psychiatrically / psychosomatically
- -ist:psychiatrist / psychologist / psychotherapist
- -ly:psychologically / psychically / psychoanalysis / psychoanalytic / psychiatrically
- -ology:psychology
- -osis:psychosis
- -y:psychic / psychosis / psychiatry / psychology / psychiatrist
- del-:psychedelic
- iatr-:psychiatry / psychiatrist / psychiatric / psychiatrically
- metr-:psychometric
- path-:psychopath
- psycho-:psychosis / psychology / psychologist / psychological / psychotherapy
- somat-:psychosomatic / psychosomatically