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词根:psych

关键点:核心义是“强/支撑/加固”。把 fortis 想成一股“承重力”:能把结构顶住(fort/fortress),也能把力量推出去(effort),还能把人心扶稳(comfort)。希腊 psyche = mind / soul(心;灵魂)。把它想成“力场/要塞”:一方面是 strong,一方面是把东西“加固/支撑起来”。psych- 表“心理、精神”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychology)

目录

A. 意象化理解

  • 心/灵魂 从“心灵”到“心理学(psychology)、精神病(psychosis)、心理的(psychological)”。psychology = 心灵的学问;psychiatrist = 心理/精神(医生)→ 精神科医生。

  • (技术语境):把系统当作“城防工程”:fortify=加固边界;effort=把力打出去;comfort=给用户“稳住”的支撑。

  • 三条路径:fort/fortress(防御)→ effort(出力)→ comfort/fortitude(扶稳/坚韧)。

B. 词汇表

  • psychic [B2](心灵的;灵媒):psych- + -ic。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychic)

    • 例句:There is a psychic cost to constant context-switching.
  • psychosis [B2](精神病):psych- + -osis(condition)。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychosis)

    • 例句:The condition can lead to psychosis in rare cases.
  • psychiatry [B2](精神病学;精神科)

    • 拆解:psych-(mind/soul)+ iatr-(heal/doctor)+ -y(名词词尾:学科/领域)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):关于“心/精神”的医疗学科。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychiatry)
    • 例句:She decided to specialize in psychiatry.
  • psychology [B2](心理学):psych-(mind)+ -ology(study)。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychology)

    • 例句:User psychology affects how we design the flow.
  • psychiatrist [B2](精神科医生):psych- + iatr-(heal)+ -ist。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychiatrist)

    • 例句:She works as a psychiatrist at the hospital.
  • psychologist [B2](心理学家;心理学从业者)

    • 拆解:psychology + -ist(…的人/从事者)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):从事心理学研究/实践的人。
    • 例句:A psychologist helped evaluate the survey.
  • psychological [B2](心理的;心理学的)

    • 拆解:psychology + -ical(形容词后缀)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):与心理学相关的;与心理过程相关的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychological)
    • 例句:There is a psychological barrier to change.
  • psychotherapy [B2](心理治疗):psych- + therapy。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychotherapy)

    • 例句:He is in psychotherapy to manage stress.
  • psychologically [B2](派生词)

    • 拆解:psychological + -ly(副词后缀)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地
    • 例句:Handle errors psychologically.
  • psychotic [C1](精神病性的;精神失常的)

    • 拆解:psychosis + -tic / -ic(形容词后缀)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):与精神病/精神失常相关的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychotic)
    • 例句:Psychotic symptoms require professional care.
  • psychopath [C1](精神变态者)

    • 拆解:psych-(mind)+ path-(feeling/disease)→ 心理病态
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):心理病态(者)。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychopath)
    • 例句:The villain is a psychopath.
  • psychedelic [C1](致幻的)

  • psychiatric [C1](精神病学的;精神科的)

    • 拆解:psychiatry + -ic(形容词后缀)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):与精神病学/精神科相关的。
    • 例句:The patient received psychiatric care.
  • psychically [C1](派生词):

    • 拆解:psychic + -ally(副词后缀,-ic → -ically)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):在…方面/以…方式 → …地
    • 例句:We analyze the issue psychically.
  • psychometric [C1](心理测量的)

    • 拆解:psych-(mind)+ metr-(measure)+ -ic → 心理测量
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):心理测量的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychometric)
    • 例句:We use psychometric tests in hiring.
  • psychosomatic [C1](心身的)

    • 拆解:psych-(mind)+ somat-(body)+ -ic → 心理 + 身体
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):心身的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychosomatic)
    • 例句:Stress can cause psychosomatic symptoms.
  • psychoanalysis [C1](精神分析)

    • 拆解:psycho-(mind)+ analysis(解析/分析)→ 对“心理”的分析。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychoanalysis)
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):以无意识、冲突等为核心的理论与治疗方法。
    • 例句:Psychoanalysis has influenced modern therapy.
  • psychoanalytic [C1](精神分析的)

    • 拆解:psychoanalysis + -ic(形容词后缀)。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychoanalytic)
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):与精神分析相关的。
    • 例句:He wrote a psychoanalytic interpretation of the story.
  • psychiatrically [C1](派生词):

    • 拆解:psychiatric + -ally(副词后缀,-ic → -ically)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):在…方面/以…方式 → …地
    • 例句:We analyze the issue psychiatrically.
  • psychotherapist [C1](心理治疗师;心理咨询师)

    • 拆解:psychotherapy + -ist(…的人/从事者)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):从事心理治疗的人。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/psychotherapist)
    • 例句:A psychotherapist can provide structured support.
  • psychosomatically [C1](派生词):

    • 拆解:psychosomatic + -ally(副词后缀,-ic → -ically)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):在…方面/以…方式 → …地
    • 例句:We analyze the issue psychosomatically.
  • psychoanalytically [C1](派生词):

    • 拆解:psychoanalytic + -ally(副词后缀,-ic → -ically)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):在…方面/以…方式 → …地
    • 例句:We analyze the issue psychoanalytically.

C. 关联词根词缀

关联词根(非本文主讲)

(本词表暂无可登记的其他词根/词干)

组合词素(Combining forms,建议可单列)

(本词表暂无可登记的组合词素)

词缀(Affixes,不单列,仅登记)

  • -ally:psychologically / psychically / psychiatrically / psychosomatically / psychoanalytically
  • -ic:psychic / psychological / psychologically / psychotic / psychedelic
  • -ical:psychological / psychologically / psychically / psychiatrically / psychosomatically
  • -ist:psychiatrist / psychologist / psychotherapist
  • -ly:psychologically / psychically / psychoanalysis / psychoanalytic / psychiatrically
  • -ology:psychology
  • -osis:psychosis
  • -y:psychic / psychosis / psychiatry / psychology / psychiatrist
  • del-:psychedelic
  • iatr-:psychiatry / psychiatrist / psychiatric / psychiatrically
  • metr-:psychometric
  • path-:psychopath
  • psycho-:psychosis / psychology / psychologist / psychological / psychotherapy
  • somat-:psychosomatic / psychosomatically

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