词根:press
关键点:核心义是“强/支撑/加固”。把 fortis 想成一股“承重力”:能把结构顶住(fort/fortress),也能把力量推出去(effort),还能把人心扶稳(comfort)。拉丁 premere = press(压)。把它想成“力场/要塞”:一方面是 strong,一方面是把东西“加固/支撑起来”。press- 为词干,表“压、按、挤”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/compress)
目录
A. 意象化理解
压 从“物理按压”到“压制、紧迫、表达(express = 压出来)”。compress = 一起压 → 压缩;express = 压出来 → 表达、快递;impress = 压进去(留印)→ 留下印象。
depress = 压下去 → 使沮丧、压低;suppress = 从下面压住 → 压制、抑制。
(技术语境):把系统当作“城防工程”:fortify=加固边界;effort=把力打出去;comfort=给用户“稳住”的支撑。
三条路径:fort/fortress(防御)→ effort(出力)→ comfort/fortitude(扶稳/坚韧)。
B. 词汇表
depression [B2](沮丧;萧条;凹陷)
- 拆解:depress + -ion(名词后缀:行为/结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):被“压下去”的状态/结果 → 沮丧;(经济)萧条;(地形)凹陷。
- 例句:He fell into depression after the failure.
compress [B2](压缩)
- 拆解:com-(together)+ press-(press)→ 一起压
- 释义:压在一起 → 压缩。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/compress)
- 例句:Compress the payload with gzip.
expression [B2](表达;表述;表达式)
- 拆解:express + -ion(名词后缀:行为/结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把东西“压出来”的结果 → 表达;(数/编程)表达式。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/expression)
- 例句:Use a regular expression to validate input.
impress [B2](给…留下印象)
- 拆解:im-(in-, into)+ press-(press)→ 压进去(留印)
- 释义:压入(留下印记) → 留下印象。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/impress)
- 例句:The demo impressed the stakeholders.
impression [B2](印象;印记;压痕)
- 拆解:impress + -ion(名词后缀:行为/结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):被“压进去”留下的痕迹;引申为心理印象。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/impression)
- 例句:First impressions matter.
compression [B2](压缩;压缩量/压缩过程)
- 拆解:compress + -ion(名词后缀:行为/结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把东西“压在一起”的过程/结果 → 压缩。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/compression)
- 例句:Enable compression for large responses.
express [B2](表达;快递)
- 拆解:ex-(out)+ press-(press)→ 压出来
- 释义:把(想法/货物)压出来 → 表达、快递。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/express)
- 例句:Express your concerns in the retro.
suppression [B2](压制;抑制;隐瞒)
- 拆解:suppress + -ion(名词后缀:行为/结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):“压住不让出”的行为/结果 → 压制、抑制;也指隐瞒。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/suppression)
- 例句:Suppression of errors can hide incidents.
oppress [C1](压迫)
- 拆解:op-(ob-, against)+ press-(press)→ 对着压
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):(对人)压着 → 压迫。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/oppress)
- 例句:The regime oppressed dissidents for decades.
impressive [C1](令人印象深刻的)
- 拆解:impress + -ive(形容词后缀:…的)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):能“压出印记/留下印象”的 → 令人印象深刻的。
- 例句:The benchmark results are impressive.
pressure [B2](压力)
- 拆解:press-(press)+ -ure(名词)→ 压(的力)
- 释义:压的力 → 压力。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/pressure)
- 例句:There is pressure to ship by quarter end.
suppress [B2](压制;抑制)
- 拆解:sup-(sub-, under)+ press-(press)→ 从下面压住
- 释义:压住(不让出) → 压制、抑制。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/suppress)
- 例句:Suppress the warning in this block only.
oppression [C1](压迫;压制)
- 拆解:oppress + -ion(名词后缀:行为/结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):“压在别人身上”的制度性状态/行为 → 压迫。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/oppression)
- 例句:Oppression often drives resistance.
oppressive [C1](压迫性的;令人窒息的)
- 拆解:oppress + -ive(形容词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):像“压着人”一样的 → 压迫性的;令人窒息的。
- 例句:The heat was oppressive.
repress [C1](压抑)
- 拆解:re-(back)+ press-(press)→ 压回去
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把(情感/冲动)压回去 → 压抑。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/repress)
- 例句:Do not repress feedback from users.
repression [C1](压抑;镇压)
- 拆解:repress + -ion(名词后缀:行为/结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把东西“压回去”的状态/行为 → 压抑;(政治)镇压。
- 例句:Repression of dissent intensified.
impressively [C1](派生词):
- 拆解:impressive + -ly(副词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地。
- 例句:The system behaves impressively under load.
oppressively [C1](派生词):
- 拆解:oppressive + -ly(副词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地。
- 例句:The system behaves oppressively under load.
C. 关联词根词缀
关联词根(非本文主讲)
(本词表暂无可登记的其他词根/词干)
组合词素(Combining forms,建议可单列)
(本词表暂无可登记的组合词素)
词缀(Affixes,不单列,仅登记)
- -ion:depression / expression / impression / compression / suppression
- -ive:impressive / oppressive / impressively / oppressively
- -ly:impressively / oppressively
- -ure
- com-:compression
- ex-:expression
- im-:impression / impressive / impressively
- op-:oppression / oppressive / oppressively
- re-:depression / expression / impression / compression / suppression
- sup-:suppression