词根学习:mov / mot
关键点:核心义是“强/支撑/加固”。把 fortis 想成一股“承重力”:能把结构顶住(fort/fortress),也能把力量推出去(effort),还能把人心扶稳(comfort)。拉丁 movere = move(动、移)。把它想成“力场/要塞”:一方面是 strong,一方面是把东西“加固/支撑起来”。mov- 为动词词干,mot- 为过去分词词干,表“被移动、运动”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/motion)
目录
A. 意象化理解
动 从“物理移动”到“情感打动、提议推动”。motion = 运动;emotion = 动出来(的心绪)→ 情绪;promote = 向前动 → 促进、晋升;remote = 移开的 → 遥远的。
commotion = 一起动(乱)→ 骚动;motivate = 使动起来 → 激励。
(技术语境):把系统当作“城防工程”:fortify=加固边界;effort=把力打出去;comfort=给用户“稳住”的支撑。
三条路径:fort/fortress(防御)→ effort(出力)→ comfort/fortitude(扶稳/坚韧)。
B. 词汇表
remove [B1](移除)
- 拆解:re-(back/away)+ mov-(move)→ 移走
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):移开、移走 → 移除。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/remove)
- 例句:Remove deprecated config keys in the next major version.
promote [B1](促进;晋升;推广)
- 拆解:pro-(forward)+ mot-(move)→ 向前动
- 释义:使…向前动 → 促进、晋升、推广。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/promote)
- 例句:We promote the build to production after QA.
motor [B2](发动机;马达;动力源)
- 拆解:来自拉丁 motor(mover),源自 movere(to move)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):产生/提供运动的东西 → 发动机;动力源。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/motor)
- 例句:The motor drives the pump.
motion [B2](运动;动议)
- 拆解:mot-(move)+ -ion → 动的(状态/行为)
- 释义:运动;议会中“动起来(的提议)” → 动议。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/motion)
- 例句:The motion was carried unanimously.
motive [B2](动机;原因)
- 拆解:来自晚拉丁 motivum(moving cause),源自 movere(to move)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):促使行动“发生移动”的原因 → 动机;原因。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/motive)
- 例句:The motive behind the change is unclear.
remote [B2](遥远的;远程的)
- 拆解:re-(back, away)+ mot-(move)→ 移开的
- 释义:被移开的 → 遥远的、远程的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/remote)
- 例句:All team members work remote on Fridays.
emotion [B2](情绪;情感)
- 拆解:e-(out)+ mot-(move)+ -ion → 动出来(的)
- 释义:(心绪)动出来 → 情绪、情感。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/emotion)
- 例句:User emotion is hard to measure in metrics.
removal [B2](移除;清除;搬迁)
- 拆解:remove + -al(名词后缀:行为/结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):移除这一动作/结果 → 清除;搬迁。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/removal)
- 例句:Removal of the flag fixed the bug.
motivate [B2](激励)
- 拆解:mot-(move)+ -iv- + -ate → 使动起来
- 释义:使产生动的动机 → 激励。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/motivate)
- 例句:Clear goals motivate the team.
movement [B2](移动;运动;活动)
- 拆解:move(mov-)+ -ment(名词后缀:行为/结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):移动这一行为/结果 → 运动;(抽象)活动/运动。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/movement)
- 例句:Unexpected movement in the chart triggered alerts.
promotion [B2](晋升;促销;推广)
- 拆解:promote + -ion(名词后缀:行为/结果)→ 向前推动的结果。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):晋升;(商业)推广/促销。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/promotion)
- 例句:The promotion increased sign-ups.
removally [B2](派生词)
- 拆解:removal + -ly(副词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地。
- 例句:Handle errors removally.
motivation [B2](动机;激励;动力)
- 拆解:motivate + -ion(名词后缀:行为/结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):让人“动起来”的内因/诱因 → 动机;激励。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/motivation)
- 例句:Motivation drops when feedback is delayed.
demote [C1](降级)
- 拆解:de-(down)+ mot-(move)→ 向下动
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):(职位/等级)往下动 → 降级。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/demote)
- 例句:He was demoted for the incident.
demotion [C1](降级;降职)
- 拆解:demote + -ion(名词后缀:行为/结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):降级这一过程/结果。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/demotion)
- 例句:The demotion was announced internally.
motively [C1](派生词):
- 拆解:motive + -ly(副词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地。
- 例句:The system behaves motively under load.
commotion [C1](骚动)
- 拆解:com-(together)+ mot-(move)+ -ion → 一起动(乱动)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):众人一起动(喧闹) → 骚动。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/commotion)
- 例句:The change caused quite a commotion.
locomotion [C1](运动;移动)
- 拆解:loco-(place)+ mot-(move)+ -ion → 从一地动到另一地
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):位置移动 → 运动、移动。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/locomotion)
- 例句:Wheels enable locomotion.
motionless [C1](静止的;不动的)
- 拆解:motion + -less(无…的)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):没有运动 → 静止的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/motionless)
- 例句:The process appears motionless when it is blocked.
C. 关联词根词缀
关联词根(非本文主讲)
- -iv-:在 B 词汇表中出现
组合词素(Combining forms,建议可单列)
(本词表暂无可登记的组合词素)
词缀(Affixes,不单列,仅登记)
- -al:removal / removally
- -ate:motivate
- -ion:motion / emotion / promotion / motivation / demotion
- -less:motionless
- -ly:removally / motively
- -ment:movement
- com-:commotion / locomotion
- de-:demote / demotion
- e-:remove / promote / motive / remote / emotion
- loco-:locomotion
- pro-:promote / promotion
- re-:remove / remote / removal / removally