词根学习:mit / miss
关键点:核心义是“强/支撑/加固”。把 fortis 想成一股“承重力”:能把结构顶住(fort/fortress),也能把力量推出去(effort),还能把人心扶稳(comfort)。拉丁 mittere = send(送、放、派)。把它想成“力场/要塞”:一方面是 strong,一方面是把东西“加固/支撑起来”。mit- 为动词词干,miss- 为过去分词词干,常见于名词、形容词。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/mission)
目录
A. 意象化理解
送 从“派人、发信”到“把信号/权限/任务派出去”。mission = 被派出去的任务;dismiss = 送走、解散。
submit:从下面送上去 → 提交、服从;permit:让(某物)通过送过去 → 允许。
(技术语境):把系统当作“城防工程”:fortify=加固边界;effort=把力打出去;comfort=给用户“稳住”的支撑。
三条路径:fort/fortress(防御)→ effort(出力)→ comfort/fortitude(扶稳/坚韧)。
B. 词汇表
emit [B2](发出)
- 拆解:e-(out)+ mit-(send)→ 送出去
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把(光/热/信号)送出去 → 发出。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/emit)
- 例句:The sensor emits a pulse every second.
omit [B2](省略;遗漏)
- 拆解:来自拉丁 omittere(ob- + mittere)。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/omit)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把某项“放掉/不送出” → 省略;遗漏。
- 例句:Do not omit critical details.
remit [B2](汇款;宽恕)
- 拆解:re-(back)+ mit-(send)→ 送回去
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把钱送回去 → 汇款;或“把(罪)送走” → 宽恕。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/remit)
- 例句:Please remit payment by the due date.
commit [B2](承诺;提交)
- 拆解:com-(together)+ mit-(send)→ 送在一起、托付
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把…送在一起(托付) → 承诺、提交;版本控制里即把改动“送进”仓库。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/commit)
- 例句:Commit your changes and push to the remote branch.
permit [B2](允许;许可证)
- 拆解:per-(through)+ mit-(send)→ 让…通过(送过去)
- 释义:让(行为/人)通过 → 允许;名词 = 允许的凭证。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/permit)
- 例句:The firewall does not permit inbound traffic on that port.
submit [B2](提交;服从)
- 拆解:sub-(under)+ mit-(send)→ 从下面送上去
- 释义:把…送上去 → 提交;或“把自己置于下方” → 服从。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/submit)
- 例句:Submit your PR before the code freeze.
dismiss [B2](解散;解雇;不予考虑)
- 拆解:dis-(apart, away)+ miss-(send)→ 送走
- 释义:把…送走 → 解散、解雇、驳回。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/dismiss)
- 例句:The manager dismissed the idea as impractical.
mission [B2](任务;使命)
- 拆解:miss-(sent)+ -ion → 被送出去(的任务)
- 释义:被派出去做的事 → 任务、使命。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/mission)
- 例句:Our mission is to simplify deployment.
emission [B2](排放;散发)
- 拆解:e-(out)+ miss-(send)+ -ion → 送出去(的东西/行为)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):被“送出去”的(气体/光等) → 排放、散发。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/emission)
- 例句:We track carbon emissions per deployment.
transmit [B2](传输;传送)
- 拆解:trans-(across)+ mit-(send)→ 送过去
- 释义:从一端送到另一端 → 传输、传送。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/transmit)
- 例句:Data is transmitted over TLS.
dismissal [B2](解雇;解散;驳回)
- 拆解:dismiss + -al(名词后缀:行为/结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):“送走/驳回”的结果 → 解雇;解散;驳回。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/dismissal)
- 例句:The dismissal of the request was automatic.
commitment [B2](承诺;投入;提交的结果)
- 拆解:commit + -ment(名词后缀:行为/结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):承诺/投入这一状态;也可指“提交后形成的承诺/约束”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/commitment)
- 例句:The commitment was recorded in the audit log.
permission [B2](许可;允许)
- 拆解:permit(per- + mit)+ -sion / -ion(名词后缀)→ 允许这一“行为/结果”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/permission)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):让事情“通过”的授权 → 许可。
- 例句:You need permission to access the repo.
submission [B2](提交;屈从;提交物)
- 拆解:submit(sub- + mit)+ -sion / -ion → 提交这一“行为/结果”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/submission)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):提交;(态度)屈从;也可指提交的内容。
- 例句:Your submission will be reviewed.
dismissally [B2](派生词)
- 拆解:dismissal + -ly(副词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地。
- 例句:Handle errors dismissally.
intermittent [B2](间歇的)
- 拆解:inter-(between)+ mit-(send)+ -ent → 在中间断着送
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):在中间断开的 → 间歇的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/intermittent)
- 例句:We saw intermittent errors in the logs.
transmission [B2](传输;传播;传动)
- 拆解:transmit(trans- + mit)+ -sion / -ion → “送过去”的过程/结果。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/transmission)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):传输;(医学)传播;(机械)传动装置。
- 例句:Transmission is encrypted end-to-end.
omission [C1](遗漏;省略)
- 拆解:来自拉丁 omittere(ob- + mittere),字面义“放开/放掉”,引申为“漏掉”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/omission)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把某项“放掉/没送上去” → 遗漏;省略。
- 例句:The report contains an omission in the summary.
remittance [C1](汇款;汇款额)
- 拆解:remit + -ance(名词后缀:行为/结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把钱“送回去”的行为/款项 → 汇款;汇款额。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/remittance)
- 例句:Monthly remittances support the family.
C. 关联词根词缀
关联词根(非本文主讲)
(本词表暂无可登记的其他词根/词干)
组合词素(Combining forms,建议可单列)
(本词表暂无可登记的组合词素)
词缀(Affixes,不单列,仅登记)
- -al:dismissal / dismissally
- -ance:remittance
- -ent:commitment / intermittent
- -ion:mission / emission / permission / submission / transmission
- -ly:dismissally
- -ment:commitment
- com-:commit / commitment
- dis-:dismiss / dismissal / dismissally
- e-:emit / remit / permit / emission / commitment
- inter-:intermittent
- per-:permit / permission
- re-:remit / remittance
- sub-:submit / submission
- trans-:transmit / transmission