词根学习:leg / lect
关键点:核心义是“强/支撑/加固”。把 fortis 想成一股“承重力”:能把结构顶住(fort/fortress),也能把力量推出去(effort),还能把人心扶稳(comfort)。拉丁 legere = choose / read(选;读)。把它想成“力场/要塞”:一方面是 strong,一方面是把东西“加固/支撑起来”。leg- 为动词词干,lect- 为过去分词词干,表“被选、被读”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/select)
目录
A. 意象化理解
选/读 从“拣选、阅读”到“收集、挑选、智慧(intellect = 读进去的)”。select = 选出来;collect = 选到一起 → 收集;elect = 选出来 → 选举。
neglect = 没选(没管)→ 忽视;intellect = 读进去(的能力)→ 智力。
(技术语境):把系统当作“城防工程”:fortify=加固边界;effort=把力打出去;comfort=给用户“稳住”的支撑。
三条路径:fort/fortress(防御)→ effort(出力)→ comfort/fortitude(扶稳/坚韧)。
B. 词汇表
lecture [A2](讲座)
- 拆解:lect-(read)+ -ure → 读(讲)给听众
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):(把内容)读/讲给听众 → 讲座。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/lecture)
- 例句:He gave a lecture on security.
elect [B2](选举;选择)
- 拆解:e-(out)+ lect-(choose)→ 选出来
- 释义:选出来(的人/选项) → 选举、选择。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/elect)
- 例句:The committee will elect a new chair.
select [B2](选择)
- 拆解:se-(apart)+ lect-(choose)→ 选出来
- 释义:从里选出来 → 选择。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/select)
- 例句:Select the rows where status is active.
collect [B2](收集)
- 拆解:col-(com-, together)+ lect-(choose)→ 选到一起
- 释义:把…选到一起 → 收集。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/collect)
- 例句:We collect metrics every minute.
legible [B2](清晰可读的)
- 拆解:leg-(read)+ -ible(能够)→ 能被读的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/legible)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):能够读清楚的 → 字迹清晰的。
- 例句:Please write in legible handwriting.
neglect [B2](忽视)
- 拆解:neg-(not)+ lect-(choose)→ 没选(没管)
- 释义:不拣选/不理会 → 忽视。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/neglect)
- 例句:Do not neglect the edge cases.
election [B2](选举)
- 拆解:e-(out)+ lect-(choose)+ -ion(名词后缀)→ 选出来(的过程/结果)。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/election)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):选举这一过程/结果。
- 例句:The election results were announced.
eligible [B2](有资格的)
- 拆解:e-(out)+ lig-(leg, choose)+ -ible → 可被选出来的
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):能被“选出来”(符合条件)的 → 有资格的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/eligible)
- 例句:Only eligible users can access the beta.
lecturer [B2](讲师;演讲者)
- 拆解:lecture + -er(…的人)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):讲座的“施行者” → 讲师;演讲者。
- 例句:The lecturer explained the threat model.
intellect [B2](智力)
- 拆解:inter-(between)+ lect-(read)→ 在中间读(理解)
- 释义:读进去、辨明 → 智力。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/intellect)
- 例句:The task requires both intellect and patience.
selection [B2](选择;选集)
- 拆解:select + -ion(名词后缀:过程/结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):选择的过程/结果;也指选出的内容合集。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/selection)
- 例句:Selection happens at request time.
selective [B2](有选择性的;选择性的)
- 拆解:select + -ive(形容词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):强调“只挑一部分”的性质 → 有选择性的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/selective)
- 例句:Be selective about dependencies.
collection [B2](收集;收藏;合集)
- 拆解:collect + -ion(名词后缀:行为/结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把东西“选到一起”的结果 → 收集;收藏。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/collection)
- 例句:The log collection runs every hour.
intellectually [B2](派生词)
- 拆解:intellectual + -ly(副词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地。
- 例句:Handle errors intellectually.
elective [C1](可选修的;选举产生的)
- 拆解:elect + -ive(形容词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):通过“选择”产生的;或“可选择”的。
- 例句:I took an elective course on cryptography.
collector [C1](收藏家;收集器)
- 拆解:collect + -or(…的人/物)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):负责“收集”的人/工具。
- 例句:The collector aggregates traces.
illegible [C1](难以辨认的;无法读清的)
- 拆解:il-(not)+ legible → 不清晰可读。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):不能被读清楚的 → 难以辨认的。
- 例句:The signature was illegible.
negligent [C1](疏忽的;玩忽职守的)
- 拆解:同源于 neglect 的拉丁链(neg- + legere/lect-),形容“未拣选/未顾及”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/negligent)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):因未尽注意义务而疏忽的。
- 例句:The operator was negligent.
recollect [C1](回忆)
- 拆解:re-(again)+ collect(leg/lect, gather)→ 再收集(到脑中)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):(把记忆)再收集起来 → 回忆。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/recollect)
- 例句:I don’t recollect that commit.
collective [C1](集体的;共同的)
- 拆解:collect + -ive(形容词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):被“收集到一起”的 → 集体的;共同的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/collective)
- 例句:It was a collective effort.
electively [C1](派生词):
- 拆解:elective + -ly(副词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地。
- 例句:The system behaves electively under load.
electorate [C1](选民;选区的选民总称)
- 拆解:elector(选举人)+ -ate(集合/职务相关词尾)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):选举人总体 → 选民。
- 例句:Turnout among the electorate was high.
neglectful [C1](疏忽的;忽视的)
- 拆解:neglect + -ful(充满…的/有…倾向的)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):有“忽视”倾向的 → 疏忽的。
- 例句:He was neglectful of basic checks.
negligence [C1](疏忽;过失)
- 拆解:negligent + -ence(名词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):疏忽这一状态/行为。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/negligence)
- 例句:Negligence caused the incident.
eligibility [C1](资格;合格性)
- 拆解:eligible + -ity(名词后缀:性质/状态)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):有资格这一“状态/性质”。
- 例句:Check eligibility before granting access.
selectively [C1](派生词):
- 拆解:selective + -ly(副词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地。
- 例句:The system behaves selectively under load.
collectively [C1](派生词):
- 拆解:collective + -ly(副词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地。
- 例句:The system behaves collectively under load.
electoration [C1](派生词):
- 拆解:electorate + -ion(名词后缀,常表示过程/结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把…做成/使…发生 的过程或结果 → …化/…过程。
- 例句:The electoration happens automatically.
intellectual [C1](智力的;知识分子)
- 拆解:intellect + -ual(形容词/名词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):与智力/思考相关的;或从事智识工作的人。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/intellectual)
- 例句:It’s an intellectual challenge.
recollection [C1](回忆;记忆)
- 拆解:re-(again)+ collect + -ion(名词后缀)→ 再收集(的结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):回忆这一过程/结果;回忆内容。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/recollection)
- 例句:My recollection of the incident is vague.
C. 关联词根词缀
关联词根(非本文主讲)
(本词表暂无可登记的其他词根/词干)
组合词素(Combining forms,建议可单列)
(本词表暂无可登记的组合词素)
词缀(Affixes,不单列,仅登记)
- -ate:electorate
- -ence:negligence
- -er:lecturer
- -ful:neglectful
- -ible:legible / eligible / illegible
- -ion:election / selection / collection / electoration / recollection
- -ity:eligibility
- -ive:selective / elective / collective / electively / selectively
- -ly:intellectually / electively / selectively / collectively
- -or:collector / electorate / electoration
- -ual:intellectually / intellectual
- -ure:lecture / lecturer
- col-:collect / collection / collector / recollect / collective
- e-:lecture / elect / select / collect / legible
- il-:illegible / eligibility
- inter-
- lig-:eligible / negligent / negligence / eligibility
- neg-:neglect / negligent / neglectful / negligence
- re-:lecture / lecturer / recollect / recollection
- se-:select / selection / selective / selectively