词根:duct
关键点:核心义是“强/支撑/加固”。把 fortis 想成一股“承重力”:能把结构顶住(fort/fortress),也能把力量推出去(effort),还能把人心扶稳(comfort)。拉丁 ducere = lead(引导、带领)。把它想成“力场/要塞”:一方面是 strong,一方面是把东西“加固/支撑起来”。duct- 为词干形式,表“被引导的、引导的路径”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/duct)
目录
A. 意象化理解
引导 既可以是“把人/物带到某处”,也可以是“把思路/管道引向某处”。
名词 duct:引导物(管道、导管);动词 conduct:一起引导 → 进行、指挥、传导。
(技术语境):把系统当作“城防工程”:fortify=加固边界;effort=把力打出去;comfort=给用户“稳住”的支撑。
三条路径:fort/fortress(防御)→ effort(出力)→ comfort/fortitude(扶稳/坚韧)。
B. 词汇表
product [A2](产品)
- 拆解:pro-(forward)+ duct-(lead)→ 被向前引导出来的东西
- 释义:被“引出来”的结果 → 产品、产物。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/product)
- 例句:The product will ship in Q2.
products [A2](产品(复数))
- 拆解:product + -s(复数)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):多个被“引出来/产出”的结果 → products。
- 例句:Our products target small teams.
produce [B1](生产;产生;出示)
- 拆解:pro-(forward)+ duc-(lead)→ 引到前面来
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把东西“引出来/带出来” → 生产、产生;(在场合)出示。
- 例句:The factory produces high-quality parts.
duct [B2](管道;导管)
- 拆解:duct-(lead)→ 引导(水/气/液)的通道
- 释义:引导流体通过的通道。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/duct)
- 例句:Air flows through the duct into the server room.
abduct [B2](诱拐)
- 拆解:ab-(away)+ duct-(lead)→ 引走
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把人引离(带走) → 诱拐。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/abduct)
- 例句:The victim was abducted from the parking lot.
deduce [B2](推论)
- 拆解:de-(down, 从…往下)+ duc-(lead)→ 从前提引下来
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):从前提“引下”结论 → 推论。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/deduce)
- 例句:We can deduce the cause from the logs.
induct [B2](使就职;征召)
- 拆解:in-(into)+ duct-(lead)→ 引进去
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把人引进入(职位/组织) → 使就职、征召。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/induct)
- 例句:New members were inducted at the ceremony.
reduce [B2](减少;归纳)
- 拆解:re-(back)+ duc-(lead)→ 引回、往回带
- 释义:引回(到更少/更简) → 减少、归纳。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/reduce)
- 例句:We need to reduce latency by 50%.
seduce [B2](诱惑;勾引)
- 拆解:se-(apart)+ duc-(lead)→ 引离(正道)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把…从正路引开 → 诱惑、勾引。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/seduce)
- 例句:The offer tried to seduce him away from the team.
conduct [B2](进行;指挥;传导;行为)
- 拆解:con-(together)+ duct-(lead)→ 一起引导
- 释义:把人/事/电流引导在一起 → 进行(活动)、指挥、传导;行为即“自我引导的方式”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/conduct)
- 例句:We will conduct a full audit next week.
educate [B2](教育)
- 拆解:e-(out)+ duc-(lead)+ -ate → 把(能力)引出来
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把潜能“引出来” → 教育。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/educate)
- 例句:We educate new hires on security practices.
reduced [B2](减少的;被降低的)
- 拆解:reduce + -ed。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):已经被“引回到更少”的 → 减少的。
- 例句:We observed reduced CPU usage.
produced [B2](被生产的;制作完成的)
- 拆解:produce + -ed(过去分词/形容词化)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):已经被“引出来/产出”的 → 被生产的;制作完成的。
- 例句:The produced artifacts are stored in S3.
producer [B2](生产者;制作人)
- 拆解:produce + -er(人/机构)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把东西“引出来”的人/机构 → 生产者;(影视)制作人。
- 例句:The producer increased output.
conducted [B2](被进行的;已实施的;被传导的)
- 拆解:conduct + -ed。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):活动/实验被“带着走完流程” → 已实施;能量被“带过去” → 被传导的。
- 例句:The test was conducted in staging.
education [B2](教育;教育体系)
- 拆解:educate + -ion。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把能力“引出来”的过程/体系 → 教育。
- 例句:Education shapes long-term outcomes.
introduce [B2](介绍;引入)
- 拆解:intro-(within, into)+ duc-(lead)→ 引进去
- 释义:把某人/某物引进来 → 介绍、引入。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/introduce)
- 例句:Let me introduce the new API.
reduction [B2](减少;缩减)
- 拆解:reduce + -tion。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):被“引回到更少”的结果 → 减少;缩减。
- 例句:A 10% reduction is required.
production [B2](生产;产出;制作)
- 拆解:pro-(forward)+ duc-(lead)+ -tion(名词后缀:行为/结果)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):被“引出来”的结果/过程 → 生产;产出。
- 例句:Production increased by 20% this quarter.
productive [B2](多产的;富有成效的)
- 拆解:product + -ive(形容词后缀:…的/具有…性质)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):能持续“产出/引出结果”的 → 多产的;高效的。
- 例句:Pair programming can be productive.
educational [B2](教育的;有教育意义的)
- 拆解:education + -al。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):与教育相关的 → 教育的;有教育意义的。
- 例句:The workshop was educational.
introduction [B2](介绍;引言;引入)
- 拆解:introduce + -tion。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把人/物“引进来”的过程/内容 → 介绍;引言。
- 例句:The introduction explains the goals.
productivity [B2](生产力;效率)
- 拆解:productive + -ity(名词后缀:性质/状态)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):产出效率这一属性 → 生产力;效率。
- 例句:Automation improves productivity.
educationally [B2](派生词)
- 拆解:educational + -ly(副词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地。
- 例句:Handle errors educationally.
aqueduct [C1](高架输水渠;渡槽)
- 拆解:aqua-(water)+ duct(lead)→ 把水引过去的通道
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):导水的建筑/水渠 → 输水渠;渡槽。
- 例句:The ancient aqueduct still carries water today.
educator [C1](教育者;教师)
- 拆解:educate + -or。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把能力“引出来”的人 → 教育者。
- 例句:An educator designed the curriculum.
deduction [C1](推导;扣除额)
- 拆解:de-(down)+ duc-(lead)+ -tion(名词后缀)
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把结论“引下来的过程/结果” → 推导;(财务/税务)扣除。
- 例句:You can claim a tax deduction for business expenses.
deductive [C1](演绎的;推理的)
- 拆解:deduct(ion) + -ive。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):依靠从前提“引下”结论的 → 演绎的。
- 例句:Deductive reasoning is used in proofs.
induction [C1](就职仪式;归纳;感应)
- 拆解:induct + -ion。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把人“引入”组织的仪式;在逻辑里也指把个例“引入”一般规律 → 归纳;物理里为电磁感应。
- 例句:Magnetic induction can generate current.
reproduce [C1](再现;繁殖;复制)
- 拆解:re-(again)+ produce(produce)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把结果“再次引出来” → 再现/复制;(生物)繁殖。
- 例句:We can reproduce the bug reliably.
conductive [C1](导电的;导热的)
- 拆解:conduct + -ive。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):容易“把能量带过去”的 → 导电/导热的。
- 例句:Metal is conductive.
deductively [C1](派生词):
- 拆解:deductive + -ly(副词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地。
- 例句:The system behaves deductively under load.
productions [C1](生产/制作(复数);作品(复数))
- 拆解:production + -s(复数)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):多个“产出/制作”或多部作品 → productions。
- 例句:Several productions were delayed.
conductively [C1](派生词):
- 拆解:conductive + -ly(副词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地。
- 例句:The system behaves conductively under load.
introductory [C1](入门的;介绍性的)
- 拆解:introduct-(introduce 的词干)+ -ory。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):用于“把你引进来”的 → 入门的;介绍性的。
- 例句:This is an introductory course.
productively [C1](派生词):
- 拆解:productive + -ly(副词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):以…的方式 → …地。
- 例句:The system behaves productively under load.
reproduction [C1](再现;复制;繁殖)
- 拆解:reproduce + -tion(名词后缀)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):再现/复制的过程或结果 → 再现;复制;繁殖。
- 例句:Follow these steps for bug reproduction.
production-ready [C1](可上生产的;生产可用的)
- 拆解:production + ready。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):达到可被“投产/上线”的状态 → 生产可用。
- 例句:The feature is not production-ready.
inductee [C2](被引入者;入会者/入职者)
- 拆解:induct + -ee(接受动作的人)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):被引入组织的人 → 入会者。
- 例句:Each inductee received a certificate.
deducible [C2](可推导的)
- 拆解:deduce + -ible(可…的)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):能够从前提“引下来的” → 可推导的。
- 例句:The result is deducible from the axioms.
conductivity [C2](导电率;导热率)
- 拆解:conductive + -ity。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):导电/导热能力这一属性 → 导电率/导热率。
- 例句:Copper has high conductivity.
productionize [C2](使可用于生产;使工程化上线)
- 拆解:production + -ize(使…化)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):把原型“带入生产环境” → 工程化/上线。
- 例句:We need to productionize the prototype.
productionizeation [C2](派生词):
- 拆解:productionize + -ation(名词后缀:过程/结果)。
- 释义(按词根词缀推导):使…化/…化的过程 → …化/…过程。
- 例句:The productionizeation took two iterations.
C. 关联词根词缀
关联词根(非本文主讲)
(本词表暂无可登记的其他词根/词干)
组合词素(Combining forms,建议可单列)
(本词表暂无可登记的组合词素)
词缀(Affixes,不单列,仅登记)
- -al:educational / educationally
- -ate:educate
- -ation:education / educational / educationally / productionizeation
- -ed:deduce / reduce / seduce / educate / reduced
- -ee:inductee
- -er:producer
- -ible:deducible
- -ion:education / reduction / production / educational / introduction
- -ity:productivity / conductivity
- -ive:productive / deductive / conductive / deductively / conductively
- -ize:productionize / productionizeation
- -ly:educationally / deductively / conductively / productively
- -or:educator / introductory
- -ory:introductory
- -s:products / seduce / productions
- -tion:education / reduction / production / educational / introduction
- ab-:abduct
- aqua-
- con-:conduct / conducted / conductive / conductively / conductivity
- de-:deduce / deduction / deductive / deductively / deducible
- duc-:product / products / produce / duct / abduct
- e-:produce / deduce / reduce / seduce / educate
- in-:induct / introduce / introduction / induction / introductory
- intro-:introduce / introduction / introductory
- introduct-:introduction / introductory
- pro-:product / products / produce / produced / producer
- production-ready:production-ready
- re-:reduce / reduced / reduction / reproduce / reproduction
- se-:seduce