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词根:dem

关键点:核心义是“强/支撑/加固”。把 fortis 想成一股“承重力”:能把结构顶住(fort/fortress),也能把力量推出去(effort),还能把人心扶稳(comfort)。希腊 demos = people(人民)。把它想成“力场/要塞”:一方面是 strong,一方面是把东西“加固/支撑起来”。dem- 表“民众、人口”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/democracy)

目录

A. 意象化理解

  • 人民 从“民众”到“民主(democracy)、人口学(demographics)、流行病(epidemic = 在人民中)。democracy = 人民统治;epidemic = 在人民(中传播)的 → 流行病。

  • (技术语境):把系统当作“城防工程”:fortify=加固边界;effort=把力打出去;comfort=给用户“稳住”的支撑。

  • 三条路径:fort/fortress(防御)→ effort(出力)→ comfort/fortitude(扶稳/坚韧)。

B. 词汇表

  • democracy [B1](民主):dem-(people)+ cracy(rule)。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/democracy)

    • 例句:The company culture values democracy in decision-making.
  • democrat [B2](民主主义者;民主党人):由 democracy 派生出的“支持民主的人”。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/democrat)

    • 例句:He describes himself as a small-d democrat.
  • epidemic [B2](流行病):epi-(upon/among)+ dem-(people)+ -ic。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/epidemic)

    • 例句:The epidemic spread faster than expected.
  • pandemic [B2](大流行)

    • 拆解:pan-(all)+ dem-(people)+ -ic → 全民众(的病)
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):大流行。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/pandemic)
    • 例句:The pandemic changed how we work.
  • demagogue [B2](煽动者):dem- + agogue(leader)→ 民众的(煽动性)领袖。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/demagogue)

    • 例句:He was accused of being a demagogue.
  • democratic [B2](民主的;民主式的):democracy + -ic(形容词后缀)。

    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):与“人民统治”相关的
    • 例句:We try to keep the process democratic.
  • demography [B2](人口学)

    • 拆解:dem-(people)+ -graphy(write/study)→ 对人民的(记录/研究)
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):人口学。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/demography)
    • 例句:Demography affects our user base.
  • demographic [B2](人口统计学的;人口统计特征)

    • 拆解:demo-(people)+ -graph-(write/record)+ -ic
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):与“人口记录/统计”相关的 → 人口统计学的;也可作名词指“人群特征”。
    • 例句:Demographic data helps segmentation.
  • demographics [B2](人口统计):dem- + graph-(write)+ -ics。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/demographics)

    • 例句:We target demographics aged 25–40.
  • demotic [C1](通俗的)

    • 拆解:dem-(people)+ -otic → 民众的(用语)
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):通俗的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/demotic)
    • 例句:Use demotic language in the docs.
  • endemic [C1](地方性的):en-(in)+ dem- + -ic → 在(某地)人民中的。(Etymonline: https://www.etymonline.com/word/endemic)

    • 例句:The bug is endemic to the legacy module.
  • pandemics [C1](大流行(复数))

    • 拆解:pandemic + -s(复数)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):多次/多轮大流行 → pandemics。
    • 例句:Pandemics change social behavior.
  • democratize [C1](使民主化;使…更平民化)

    • 拆解:democrat(民主派/支持民主的人)+ -ize(使…化)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):让权力/资源“更面向人民” → 民主化;也可泛指“把门槛降到大众可用”。
    • 例句:Open-source tools democratize software development.
  • demographer [C1](人口学家)

    • 拆解:demography + -er(人)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):研究人口学的人 → 人口学家。
    • 例句:A demographer analyzed migration trends.
  • epidemically [C1](派生词):

    • 拆解:epidemic + -ally(副词后缀,-ic → -ically)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):在…方面/以…方式 → …地
    • 例句:We analyze the issue epidemically.
  • democratically [C1](派生词):

    • 拆解:democratic + -ally(副词后缀,-ic → -ically)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):在…方面/以…方式 → …地
    • 例句:We analyze the issue democratically.
  • pandemic-related [C1](与大流行相关的)

    • 拆解:pandemic + related
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):与“大流行”相关的 → 大流行相关。
    • 例句:Pandemic-related supply issues persisted.
  • endemism [C2](地方性;特有性)

    • 拆解:endemic + -ism(名词化:现象/特征)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):“地方性存在”这一现象/特征 → 地方性;特有性。
    • 例句:Endemism is common on isolated islands.
  • demoticize [C2](使通俗化)

    • 拆解:demotic + -ize
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):让语言/表达更“民众化” → 使通俗化。
    • 例句:We demoticize the doc by removing jargon.
  • demotically [C2](用通俗语体地)

    • 拆解:demotic + -ally(副词后缀)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):以“民众语体/通俗语体”的方式 → 通俗地。
    • 例句:Write the guide demotically for beginners.
  • endemically [C2](地方性地;在某系统中长期存在地)

    • 拆解:endemic + -ally(副词后缀)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):以“在某地/某系统内部长期存在”的方式 → 地方性地。
    • 例句:The issue is endemically present in legacy code.
  • democratization [C2](民主化)

    • 拆解:democratize + -ation(名词后缀:过程/结果)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):民主化的过程/结果 → 民主化。
    • 例句:Democratization is uneven across regions.
  • demoticizeation [C2](派生词):

    • 拆解:demoticize + -ation(名词后缀:过程/结果)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):使…化/…化的过程 → …化/…过程
    • 例句:The demoticizeation took two iterations.
  • democratizeation [C2](派生词):

    • 拆解:democratize + -ation(名词后缀:过程/结果)。
    • 释义(按词根词缀推导):使…化/…化的过程 → …化/…过程
    • 例句:The democratizeation took two iterations.

C. 关联词根词缀

关联词根(非本文主讲)

  • -graph-:在 B 词汇表中出现

组合词素(Combining forms,建议可单列)

(本词表暂无可登记的组合词素)

词缀(Affixes,不单列,仅登记)

  • -ally:epidemically / democratically / demotically / endemically
  • -ation:democratization / demoticizeation / democratizeation
  • -er:demographer
  • -graphy:demography
  • -ic:epidemic / pandemic / democratic / demographic / demographics
  • -ics:demographics / pandemics
  • -ism:endemism
  • -ize:democratize / demoticize / demoticizeation / democratizeation
  • -otic:demotic / demoticize / demotically / demoticizeation
  • -s:demographics / pandemics / endemism
  • demo-:democracy / democrat / democratic / demography / demographic
  • en-:endemic / endemism / endemically
  • epi-:epidemic / epidemically
  • graph-:demography / demographic / demographics / demographer
  • pan-:pandemic / pandemics / pandemic-related
  • pandemic-related:pandemic-related

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